Components and Methods for Current Measurement

Current sensing is used to perform two essential circuit functions. First, it is used to measure “how much” current is flowing in a circuit, which may be used for power management in a DC/DC power supply to determine essential peripheral loads to conserve power. The second function is to determine when it is “too much,” or a fault condition. If current exceeds safe limits, then a software or hardware interlock condition is met and provides a signal to turn off the application, as in a motor stall or short circuit condition in a battery. It is essential to choose the appropriate technology with a robust design to properly withstand the extreme conditions that can exist during a fault. The appropriate component performing the measurement function would need to sustain an accurate voltage signal as well as prevent damage to the printed circuit board.
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